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BEAR ATTACKS - DOs and DON'Ts

by John M. Regan

Although rare, bear attacks occur often enough to require prudence while out in remote areas.  Most attacks on humans are from the American Black Bear, Ursus americanus.  With a range that extends from northern Canada to northern Mexico and an estimated population of 300,000 in the United States alone it is small wonder that black bears account for most of these incidents.  Exact numbers vary.  Wikipedia lists 17 fatal attacks in the past ten years alone, while the Washington State University website enumerates just forty-five since 1900.  Wherever the truth lies it pays to be careful.  The American Black Bear stands roughly three to four feet at the shoulder and weighs 150 to 250 pounds, with the male attaining the larger size.  They have a life span of 20 to 25 years.  The color is generally solid black but light brown, cinnamon hues are not uncommon and many sport a white patch on the chest.  In my experience there are a lot more black bears, and a lot closer, than people are aware of; I've encountered them.

Prevention - always the best method

Rule One:  Do not leave food or garbage uncovered!  Bears are omnivores and opportunists.  They have an excellent sense of smell and are quickly attracted by the smell of food.  If you are camping or picnicking in bear country dispose of your uneaten food in an appropriate container, preferably a bear proof trash can.

Rule Two:  Stay aware from bear cubs!  Mama gets very upset.  Seems obvious, doesn't it? 

Rule Three:  Do not feed wild bears.

Rule Four:  Stay out of the bear's territory.  Bears mark their space by biting and clawing trees.  Bear feces are large and distinct.  A large area of ground that appears to have been gouged up may be the sign of a bear that was searching for food such as roots or rodents.

Rule Five:  Make noise while hiking in the woods.  A bear will hear you long before you approach and probably give you a wide berth.  Walk with the wind at your back.  This pushes your human scent in front and warns the animal of your approach just as noise.  Whenever possible don't hike solo in bear country.  And get some Bear Spray!  Similar to human pepper spray (but not the same thing) this substance is generally very effective.

If you encounter a bear:

An encounter with a bear may happen despite your best precaution.  So what to do?

Don't Run!  A black bear can hit speeds of 30 mph, easily enough to run you down.  Running triggers many predators to automatically give chase as well.  Back away slowly, keeping an eye on the bear (but don't stare directly - this may be interpreted as a threat).  Wave your arms and talk loudly, in other words, act like a human!  Clap your hands or wave a tree branch in front of you. 

                If the worst happens and the bear does attack - play dead.  Assume a fetal position while protecting your face.  Most animals, once they perceive something is no longer a threat, will stop the attack. 

Sources and links for further information:  FM 21-76 Army Survival Guide, National Audubon Society "Field Guide to the Pacific Northwest," Washington State University Website, "Bear Planet" website.

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